Book Review: Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists During the Great Depression by Robin D.G. Kelley

Book Review: Hammer and Hoe by Robin D.G. Kelley HX91.A2 K45 1990 By Shane Olsen Robin D.G. Kelley’s Hammer and Hoe is a detailed account of the African American-led labor movement in Alabama during the Great Depression. Far from the typical labor history that centers on northern factories and white-led unions, Kelley uncovers the courageous fight of Black workers who battled not only economic exploitation but also Jim Crow laws, coercive landlords, and the constant threat of white supremacist violence. The struggles of African American workers in the South are too often forgotten in common historical accounts of the American labor movement, and Kelley’s book demonstrates that these workers have always been a key part of the labor movement’s long fight for economic and social justice for all. What makes Hammer and Hoe so compelling is its level of detail. Kelley traces the communist-led labor movement across Alabama, from the steel factories in Birmingham to the struggles of rura...